what is called "Second generation computer" ?

 what is called "Second generation computer" ?

In the 1950s and 1960s, transistor computers, or computers of the second generation, were developed. Compared to the vacuum tubes used in the first generation of computers, these were a significant improvement. Transistors, as opposed to vacuum tubes, were used in the second generation of computers, making them smaller, faster, and more dependable.

William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain developed transistor technology for the first time in 1947 at Bell Labs. Because it took the place of the bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes that were used in the first generation of computers, the development of the transistor was a significant advance in computer technology. Transistors were the ideal choice for use in computer systems because they were significantly smaller, more effective, and more dependable than vacuum tubes.

Additionally, second-generation computers were significantly faster than first-generation machines. They could perform computations at a lot higher velocities, which made them more reasonable for logical and business applications. Additionally, these computers were more dependable than the first generation, which had a tendency to malfunction frequently.

The IBM 701 was the first computer of the second generation, and it was released in 1952. This computer, which was made for scientific and business applications, was much faster and more dependable than the computers of the first generation. The IBM 701 was trailed by other second era PCs, for example, the UNIVAC I, the IBM 702, and the IBM 704.

Additionally, second-generation computers were easier to use than first-generation computers. They had better input and output devices, like storage on magnetic disks and magnetic tape, which made it easier for users to enter and retrieve data. Additionally, they had more sophisticated programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL, which made it simpler for programmers to write and troubleshoot code.

The creation of the operating system was one of the most significant computer innovations of the second generation. The operating system is a piece of software that controls the computer's resources and manages user-to-user communication. For the IBM 701 computer, the IBM 701 Executive System was developed as the initial operating system. This operating system made it possible for multiple programs to run simultaneously on the computer and for multiple users to share the computer's resources.

The field of artificial intelligence was also significantly impacted by computers of the second generation. These PCs were utilized to foster early simulated intelligence programs, for example, the Rationale Scholar, which was created at the RAND Organization in 1955. Considered to be a significant advancement in the field of artificial intelligence, this program was capable of proving mathematical theorems.

Early computer networks were also developed with second-generation computers. In the 1960s, IBM created the first computer network, known as the SABRE system, for American Airlines. Travel agents were able to book flights and access flight information in real time thanks to this network.

In conclusion, computers of the second generation were significantly superior to computers of the first generation. They were faster, lighter, smaller, and easier to use than the first generation of computers. Additionally, they had a significant impact on the development of early computer networks and the field of artificial intelligence. The development of computers of the second generation represented a significant advance in computer technology's past and paved the way for future advancements in computer technology.